What is perimenopause?
Perimenopause refers to the transitional phase preceding menopause. It usually begins around the age of 47 and lasts on average between 2 and 5 years. During this time, the ovaries’ production of estrogen decreases irregularly, causing hormonal fluctuations that can lead to a range of physical and emotional symptoms.
Symptoms vary from woman to woman, but they can have a real impact on quality of life (2).
Perimenopause vs. Menopause: What’s the Difference?
Perimenopause is the phase before menopause. It begins several years prior to the permanent cessation of menstruation that defines menopause.
This period is marked by hormonal fluctuations, especially irregular estrogen production. This leads to irregular menstrual cycles and various symptoms, including: hot flashes, sleep disturbances, irritability, fatigue…
Menstruation is still present, but it becomes less regular and more unpredictable.
Menopause, on the other hand, refers to the permanent cessation of menstruation, diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a period. It marks the end of fertility. At this stage, ovarian activity stops and hormone levels drop permanently (1).
Identifying Early Signs
The first signs of perimenopause can vary from woman to woman and appear gradually. This phase often includes physical and emotional symptoms similar to those of menopause.
The most common manifestations include:
• Irregular or heavier periods
• Hot flashes and night sweats
• Intense fatigue
• Sleep disturbances
• Mood swings, irritability, anxiety
• Vaginal dryness
• Decreased libido…
The main difference between the two stages lies in the presence of irregular menstruation, which characterizes perimenopause. In menopause, menstruation has stopped for at least 12 months.
Recognizing these early signs can help initiate a conversation with a healthcare professional and consider appropriate support (2).
Talk to a Healthcare Professional
If perimenopausal symptoms are affecting your daily life, seek advice from your doctor, gynecologist, midwife, or pharmacist. They can recommend tailored solutions (3).
References
(1) INSERM – “Menopause”, www.inserm.fr
(2) Ameli.fr – “Symptoms of Menopause”, www.ameli.fr
(3) Santé Publique France – Hormonal Health, www.santepubliquefrance.fr